[CPUFREQ] Warn when cpufreq_register_notifier called before pure initcalls
If cpufreq_register_notifier is called before pure initcalls,
init_cpufreq_transition_notifier_list will overwrite whatever it did,
causing notifiers to be ignored.
Print some noise to the kernel log if that happens.
Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net> Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
This bug was introduced in the 2.6.24 i386/x86_64 tree merge, where
MSI-X vector allocation will eventually fail. The cause is the new
bit array tracking used vectors is not getting cleared properly on
IRQ destruction on the 32-bit APIC code.
This can be seen easily using the ixgbe 10 GbE driver on multi-core
systems by simply loading and unloading the driver a few times.
Depending on the number of available vectors on the host system, the
MSI-X allocation will eventually fail, and the driver will only be
able to use legacy interrupts.
I am generating the same patch for both stable trees for 2.6.24 and
2.6.25.
Signed-off-by: Peter P Waskiewicz Jr <peter.p.waskiewicz.jr@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/selinux-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/selinux-2.6:
SELinux: Fix a RCU free problem with the netport cache
SELinux: Made netnode cache adds faster
SELinux: include/security.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: policydb.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: mls_types.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: mls.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: hashtab.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: context.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: ss/conditional.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: selinux/include/security.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: objsec.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: netlabel.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
SELinux: avc_ss.h whitespace, syntax, and other cleanups
Fixed up conflict in include/linux/security.h manually
Al Viro [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 05:59:15 +0000 (06:59 +0100)]
fix ia64 local_irq_save() et.al.
psr is not a good name for local variable in macro body when it
has a good chance of being the argument of said macro (actually
is at least in one place)
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6:
iwlwifi: Allow building iwl3945 without iwl4965.
wireless: Fix compile error with wifi & leds
tcp: Fix slab corruption with ipv6 and tcp6fuzz
ipv4/ipv6 compat: Fix SSM applications on 64bit kernels.
[IPSEC]: Use digest_null directly for auth
sunrpc: fix missing kernel-doc
can: Fix copy_from_user() results interpretation
Revert "ipv6: Fix typo in net/ipv6/Kconfig"
tipc: endianness annotations
ipv6: result of csum_fold() is already 16bit, no need to cast
[XFRM] AUDIT: Fix flowlabel text format ambibuity.
Sergei Shtylyov [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 15:54:38 +0000 (19:54 +0400)]
[MIPS] Pb1200/DBAu1200: move platform code to its proper place
Since both the IDE interface and SMC 91C111 Ethernet chip are on-board
devices, not SOC devices, move the platform device registration form the
common to the board specific code.
While at it, remove semicolon (which didn't break compilation only by
chance) from the AU1XXX_ATA_DDMA_REQ macro and do some renaming:
- change 'au1200_ide0_' variable name prefix to the mere 'ide_';
- change 'smc91x_' variable name prefix to 'smc91c111_' since that's the
name of the chip used on the boards;
- drop 'AU1XXX_' prefix from the names of macros describing IDE and Ethernet
on-board devices;
- change 'SMC91111_' to 'SMC91C111_', change 'IRQ' to 'INT' in the names of
the macros describing the Ethernet chip for consistency with the IDE
macros;
- change 'ATA_' to 'IDE_' and 'OFFSET' to 'SHIFT' (since this value is
indeed a shift count) in the names of the macros describing the IDE
interface.
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Adrian Bunk [Wed, 23 Apr 2008 15:55:59 +0000 (18:55 +0300)]
[MIPS] IP27: Fix build bug due to missing include
asm-mips/mach-ip27/topology.h must #include <asm-generic/topology.h>
This fixes the following compile error:
...
CC kernel/sched.o
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c: In function 'find_next_best_node':
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7015: error: implicit declaration of function 'node_to_cpumask_ptr'
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7015: error: '__tmp__' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7015: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7015: error: for each function it appears in.)
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c: In function 'sched_domain_node_span':
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7047: error: 'nodemask' undeclared (first use in this function)
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7048: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7059: error: implicit declaration of function 'node_to_cpumask_ptr_next'
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c: In function '__build_sched_domains':
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/kernel/sched.c:7605: error: 'pnodemask' undeclared (first use in this function)
make[2]: *** [kernel/sched.o] Error 1
<-- snip -->
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
[MIPS] Fix some sparse warnings on traps.c and irq-msc01.c
* Declare board_bind_eic_interrupt, board_watchpoint_handler in traps.h
* Make msc_bind_eic_interrupt static and fix its argument types.
* Make msc_levelirq_type, msc_edgeirq_type static.
If gpiolib was selected, asm-generic/gpio.h provides some prototypes
for gpio API and implementation helpers. With this patch, platform
code can implement its GPIO API using gpiolib without custom gpio.h
file.
Dmitri Vorobiev [Tue, 1 Apr 2008 23:58:37 +0000 (03:58 +0400)]
[MIPS] unexport rtc_mips_set_time()
No users for the rtc_mips_set_time() routine exist outside of the
core kernel code. Therefore, EXPORT_SYMBOL(rtc_mips_set_time) is
useless, and this patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Dmitri Vorobiev [Tue, 1 Apr 2008 23:58:36 +0000 (03:58 +0400)]
[MIPS] unexport copy_from_user_page()
No users for the copy_from_user_page() routine exist outside of the
core kernel code. Therefore, EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_from_user_page) is
useless, and this patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Dmitri Vorobiev [Tue, 1 Apr 2008 23:58:35 +0000 (03:58 +0400)]
[MIPS] unexport copy_to_user_page()
The copy_to_user_page() function is called only in the core kernel
code. Therefore, there is no need to export it. This patch removes
EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_to_user_page).
Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Dmitri Vorobiev [Tue, 1 Apr 2008 23:58:34 +0000 (03:58 +0400)]
[MIPS] unexport copy_user_highpage()
The copy_user_highpage() routine has no users outside of the
core kernel code, so exporting this symbol is pointless.
This patch removes EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_user_highpage).
Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Sergei Shtylyov [Thu, 3 Apr 2008 20:02:53 +0000 (00:02 +0400)]
[MIPS] Alchemy: move UART platform code to its proper place
Move the code registering the Alchemy UART platform devices from
drivers/serial/ to its proper place, into the Alchemy platform code. Fix
the related Kconfig entry, while at it...
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Dmitri Vorobiev [Mon, 31 Mar 2008 22:03:25 +0000 (02:03 +0400)]
[MIPS] malta_int.c: make 4 variables static
The following variables defined in arch/mips/mips-boards/malta/malta_int.c
can become static: msc_irqmap[], msc_nr_irqs, msc_eicirqmap[], and
msc_nr_eicirqs. This patch makes them static.
Successfully build-tested using default configs for Malta, Atlas
and SEAD boards.
Runtime test successfully performed by booting the Malta 4Kc board
up to the shell prompt.
Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Sergei Shtylyov [Thu, 27 Mar 2008 19:05:57 +0000 (22:05 +0300)]
[MIPS] Alchemy: kill useless time variables
Since the commit 91a2fcc88634663e9e13dcdfad0e4a860e64aeee ([MIPS]
Consolidate all variants of MIPS cp0 timer interrupt handlers) removed the
Alchemy specific timer handler, 'r4k_offset' and 'r4k_cur' variables became
practically useless, so get rid of them at last, renaming cal_r4off()
function into calc_clock() and making it return CPU frequency. Also, make
'no_au1xxx_32khz' variable static...
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Sergei Shtylyov [Mon, 24 Mar 2008 20:15:50 +0000 (23:15 +0300)]
[MIPS] Alchemy: don't unmask timer IRQ early
Defer the unmasking of the count/compare interrupt (IRQ5) till the
clockevent driver initialization:
- only enable the cascaded IRQs 0 thru 4 in arch_init_irq(); kill the
ALLINTS macro -- this change is blessed by AMD as I saw it in their own
patch; :-)
- do not force IRQ5 enabled in plat_time_init() if PM is enabled and there's
no 32 KHz crystal.
Update the copyrights (taking into account my prior changes), also removing
Pete Popov's old email...
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Thiemo Seufer [Mon, 18 Feb 2008 19:32:49 +0000 (19:32 +0000)]
[MIPS] Reimplement clear_page/copy_page
Fold the SB-1 specific implementation of clear_page/copy_page in the
generic version, and rewrite that one in tlbex style. The immediate
benefits:
- It converts the compile-time workaround for SB-1 pass 1 prefetches
to a more efficient run-time check.
- It allows adjustment of loop unfolling, which helps to reduce the
number of redundant cdex cache ops.
- It fixes some esoteric cornercases (the cache line length calculations
can go wrong, and support for 64k pages without prefetch instructions
will overflow the addiu immediate).
- Somewhat better guesses of "good" prefetch values.
I saw this problem recently. With this kernel-doc:
* Note: some important info
*
* Note: other important info
kernel-doc uses the "section name" (preceding the ':', like "Note") as a hash
key for storing the descriptive text ("blah important info"). It is (was)
possible to have duplicate (colliding) section names, without any kind of
warning or error.
kernel-doc happily used the latter descriptive text for all instances of
printing the <section-name> descriptive text and the former important info
was lost.
One way to "fix" this is to modify the kernel-doc comments, e.g.:
* Note1: foo bar
*
* Note.2: blah zay
For now, kernel-doc will signal an error when it sees colliding section names
like this.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Frank Seidel [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:31 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
fat: detect media without partition table correctly
I received a complaint that some FAT formated medias (e.g. sd memory cards)
trigger a "unknown partition table" message even though there is no partition
table and they work correctly, while in general (when e.g. formated with
mkdosfs or even Windows Vista) this message is not shown.
Currently this seems only to happen when the medias get formatted with Windows
XP (and possibly Win 2000). Then the boot indicator byte contains garbage
(part of text message) and so do the other parts checked by msdos_paritition
which then later triggers this message.
References: novell bug #364365
Most fat formatted media without partition table contains zeros in the boot
indication and the other tested bytes and so falls through the checks in
msdos_partition, leading it to return with 1 (all is fine).
But some (e.g. WinXP formatted) fat fomated medias don't use boot_ind and so
the check fails and causes a "unkown partition table" warning eventhough there
is none and everything would be fine.
This additional check directly verifies if there is a fat formatted medium
without a partition table.
Signed-off-by: Frank Seidel <fseidel@suse.de> Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@sun.com> Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrew Morton [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:30 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
FAT_VALID_MEDIA(): remove pointless test
The on-disk media specification field in FAT is only 8-bits, so testing for
<=0xff is pointless, and can generate a "comparison is always true due to
limited range of data type" warning.
While we're there, convert FAT_VALID_MEDIA() into a C function - the present
implementation is buggy: it generates either one or two references to its
argument.
Cc: Frank Seidel <fseidel@suse.de> Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Keith Mok [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:29 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
vfat: bug fix for vfat cannot handle filename with 255
This patch fix the problem that the buffer allocated for convert of unicode to
utf8 in fat/dir.c is too small.
And cannot handle filename with 255 asian characters when mounted with utf8
options.
Also it fix the filename length limitation checking in vfat/namei.c that the
filename length should be checked against the number of converted unicode
characters.
Not the length before NLS/UTF8 converted.
Signed-off-by: Keith Mok <ek9852@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited() to cont_expand_zero()
On the systems, ftruncate() which expand size for FAT became the cause
of OOM. The cont_expand_zero() filled all memory with dirty pages,
and since disk is very slow, limit of page scanning was exceeded, then
it triggered OOM.
This adds balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited() to avoid filling memory
with dirty pages.
Currently, free_clusters is not updated until it is trusted, because
Windows doesn't update it correctly.
But if user is using FAT driver of Linux, it updates free_clusters
correctly. Instead, this updates it even if it's untrusted, so if
free_clustes is correct, now keep correct value.
Normally utime(2) checks current process is owner of the file, or it
has CAP_FOWNER capability. But FAT filesystem doesn't have uid/gid as
on disk info, so normal check is too unflexible.
Fix fat_setattr() on the case of showexec option. If user specified
showexec option, inode->i_mode may not have S_IXUGO. This just use
inode->i_mode to fix it.
And with this patch, we don't allow chmod() on memory inode, it's just
bad behaviour. IOW, we allow changing S_IWUGO only which can be stored
to disk.
Jan Kara [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:23 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
reiserfs: unpack tails on quota files
Quota files cannot have tails because quota_write and quota_read functions do
not support them. So far when quota files did have tail, we just refused to
turn quotas on it. Sadly this check has been wrong and so there are now
plenty installations where quota files don't have NOTAIL flag set and so now
after fixing the check, they suddently fail to turn quotas on. Since it's
easy to unpack the tail from kernel, do this from reiserfs_quota_on() which
solves the problem and is generally nicer to users anyway.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reported-by: <urhausen@urifabi.net> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jan Kara [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:23 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
reiserfs: fix hang on umount with quotas when journal is aborted
Call dquot_drop() from reiserfs_dquot_drop() even if we fail to start a
transaction. Otherwise we never get to dropping references to quota
structures from the inode and umount will hang indefinitely.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Harvey Harrison [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:21 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
reiserfs: fix more sparse warnings in do_balan.c
fs/reiserfs/do_balan.c:1467:10: warning: symbol 'ret_val' shadows an earlier one
fs/reiserfs/do_balan.c:275:6: originally declared here
fs/reiserfs/do_balan.c:1471:23: warning: symbol 'ih' shadows an earlier one
fs/reiserfs/do_balan.c:249:67: originally declared here
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Marcin Slusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Harvey Harrison [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:19 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
udf: fix sparse warning in namei.c
Let's use bsize instead.
fs/udf/namei.c:960:12: warning: symbol 'elen' shadows an earlier one
fs/udf/namei.c:937:15: originally declared here
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@ucw.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jan Kara [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:14 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
ext3: fix mount messages when quota disabled
When quota is disabled, we should not print 'journaled quota not supported'
when user tried to mount non-journaled quota. Also fix typo in the message.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ext3: retry block allocation if new blocks are allocated from system zone
If the block allocator gets blocks out of system zone ext3 calls ext3_error.
But if the file system is mounted with errors=continue retry block allocation.
We need to mark the system zone blocks as in use to make sure retry don't
pick them again
System zone is the block range mapping block bitmap, inode bitmap and inode
table.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment] Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jan Kara [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:13 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
ext3: fix hang on umount with quotas when journal is aborted
Call dquot_drop() from ext3_dquot_drop() even if we fail to start a
transaction. Otherwise we never get to dropping references to quota
structures from the inode and umount will hang indefinitely. Thanks to
Payphone LIOU for spotting the problem.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Payphone LIOU <lioupayphone@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jan Kara [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:12 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
ext3: fix update of mtime and ctime on rename
Make ext3 update mtime and ctime of the directory into which we move file even
if the directory entry already exists.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Josef Bacik [Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:16:12 +0000 (02:16 -0700)]
jbd: fix possible journal overflow issues
There are several cases where the running transaction can get buffers added to
its BJ_Metadata list which it never dirtied, which makes its t_nr_buffers
counter end up larger than its t_outstanding_credits counter.
This will cause issues when starting new transactions as while we are logging
buffers we decrement t_outstanding_buffers, so when t_outstanding_buffers goes
negative, we will report that we need less space in the journal than we
actually need, so transactions will be started even though there may not be
enough room for them. In the worst case scenario (which admittedly is almost
impossible to reproduce) this will result in the journal running out of space.
The fix is to only
refile buffers from the committing transaction to the running transactions
BJ_Modified list when b_modified is set on that journal, which is the only way
to be sure if the running transaction has modified that buffer.
This patch also fixes an accounting error in journal_forget, it is possible
that we can call journal_forget on a buffer without having modified it, only
gotten write access to it, so instead of freeing a credit, we only do so if
the buffer was modified. The assert will help catch if this problem occurs.
Without these two patches I could hit this assert within minutes of running
postmark, with them this issue no longer arises. Thank you,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com> Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org> Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@ucw.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>